La centralidad del conflicto en el Estrecho de Taiwán en la relación Estados Unidos-China durante el gobierno de Donald Trump (2017-2021): hacia la Cuarta crisis del Estrecho
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32776/arcsh.v10i20.460Palabras clave:
Taiwán; ambigüedad estratégica; realismo neoclásico; posverdad; Ley de Viajes a Taiwán; Ley TAIPEIResumen
El articulo elabora un análisis de la política exterior de Estados Unidos hacia la República Popular China durante el gobierno de Donald Trump. A lo largo del periodo estudiado, el conflicto histórico existente en el Estrecho de Taiwán ocupó una centralidad creciente en la relación bilateral sino-estadounidense al ser considerado una cuestión prioritaria por parte de Washington. En la investigación se analizan las políticas instrumentadas por el gobierno trumpista hacia la cuestión de Taiwán en dos niveles: 1) en el nivel institucional, la modificación del sistema legal estadounidense que paulatinamente ha intervenido de manera extraterritorial en el asunto de Taiwán como en los casos de la Ley TAIPEI (TAIPEI Act) y la Ley de Viajes a Taiwán (Taiwan Travels Act) para funcionarios estadounidenses. 2) En el nivel de la conflictividad geopolítica es analizado el discurso estadounidense hacia China formulado desde la perspectiva del concepto de “posverdad” generado por el nacionalismo de Trump: unas acciones que incentivaron, en agosto de 2022, la que se considera la Cuarta crisis en el Estrecho de Taiwán, durante el gobierno de Joseph Biden. El discurso de desinformación o de la “posverdad” de Trump puede identificarse como parte de la elaboración de “teorías” que denuncian el peligro de China como una amenaza revisionista para el sistema internacional: en su momento, el discurso trumpista recibió una respuesta favorable por parte del nacionalismo independentista de Taiwán representado por el gobierno de Tsai Ing-wen. La investigación utiliza un marco teórico que converge con el realismo neoclásico de Relaciones Internacionales.
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